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Wood Grain
TYPES OF GRAIN
Because of the manner in which wood grows, every board has a definite grain direction, parallel to the length of the longitudinal cells. The grain appears differently depending on how the board is sawed.
When you cut a board across the grain (perpendicular to the grain direction and the growth rings), you reveal end grain. | |
Cut wood parallel to the grain direction and tangent to the growth rings, and you’ll see plain grain (also called tangential or flat grain). | |
Cut it parallel to the grain direction but through the radius of the growth rings to see quarter grain (also referred to as radial grain). | |
Both flat grain and quarter grain are sometimes called long grain. BB project team |
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Wood Grain
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WOOD GRAIN IN LUMBER
Sawyers use several methods to cut up a tree, each of which reveals different grain patterns.
The most common method is plain sawing because it produces the highest quantity of usable lumber. The sawyer begins by sawing several boards from one side of the log, turns it 90 degrees and saws several more, and continues in this manner “sawing around” the log. Plain-sawn boards show flat grain on their faces and quarter grain on the edges. | |
The sawyer might also quarter saw a log. First, he saws the log in quarters, then slices each quarter into boards, either by cutting boards from the two flat sides alternately or by gang-sawing the quarter (making parallel cuts). Quartersawn boards show mostly quarter grain on their faces and flat grain on the edges. | |
On special request, a sawyer will live saw a log for a woodworker, gang-sawing the entire log. (This is sometimes called sawing through and through.) Live sawing produces much wider boards than other methods, and these boards show mostly mixed grain — flat grain near the center of the face and quarter grain near the edges. |